Forensic Medicine And Toxicology

Blood at the crime scene? The first question would be, “Is the suspected bloodstain is possibly the blood or not?” For that, an examiner has to perform one of the presumptive tests for blood on the field. Table of All Presumptive Blood Test With Their Color Presumptive Test For Blood Reagent Color Adler Test (Benzidine […]

Human bodies are leaky. If pierce to any depth they tend to gush or spray blood aimlessly. This is hardly surprising since the average-sized adult male has between five and six quarts of blood gurgling through their system (females and children have slightly less). It can gush, it can drip, or spatter across the air

Kozelka and Hine test is a method of determination of ethanol (ethyl alcohol) from blood or urine samples. The test is considered one of the reliable means of estimation of alcohol concentration in the biological sample. However, there are some major drawbacks that make it not that reliable (discuss later in the post). So, let’s

Cavett test is used for the estimation of ethanol levels in biological samples like blood, urine, and saliva. The test is based on the oxidation of potassium dichromate for the estimation of alcohol. However, the test uses nearly the same reagent as the Kozelka and Hine, but the procedure of performing the test is different.

Orthotolidine or O-tolidine test is one of the presumptive tests for blood detection by imparting blue (or yellow, in high acidic medium). The reaction is totally based on the activity of hydrogen peroxides with the heme component of blood. Moreover, the O-tolidine test was brought to be in practice as the replacement for the benzidine

Tetramethylbenzidine [TMB] test is a presumptive test, generally employed for the detection of blood based on reagent action of peroxide with heme to impart blue-green color. That’s the one-line answer. Let’s know about the TMB test. What is Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) Test? Tetramethyl benzidine (TMB) is a tetramethyl derivative of benzidine that is used as a

Wagenaar is a crystal assay confirmatory test for blood that uses a mixed preparation of acetone and chloride ions to form acetone-chlor-hemin crystals. It was first developed in 1935 by M. Wagenaar. It is easy to perform and confirms whether the given fluid/stain is blood or not. Who Invented Wagenaar Test? It was developed by

Takayama test is one of the micro-crystal confirmatory tests for the blood that is frequently used in forensic laboratories. It is also called Hemochromogen test, and a positive result is indicated by the pink feathery crystals of pyridine-hemochromogen.  Who Developed the Takayama Test? It was first developed in 1912 by Masaeo Takayama, a Japanese forensic