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Soil as Evidence How Soil Helps in Solving Crime and Forensic Significance
General Forensic & Physical Evidence

Soil as Evidence: How Soil Helps in Solving Crime and Forensic Significance

Forensic pedology or soil forensics is a branch of forensic science that focuses on analyzing soil as trace evidence in criminal investigations. It involves studying soil properties, including texture, color, and chemical composition, to connect suspects, victims, or objects to specific locations. In addition, analyzing soil layers can aid in pinpointing crime sites, burial sites, …

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Forensic Fiber Analysis and Chemical Tests With Case Studies
General Forensic & Physical Evidence

Forensic Fiber Analysis and Chemical Tests With Case Studies

Fibers are a valuable type of evidence in solving cases. They can be used to identify suspects, victims, and location of crimes. The steps involved in processing fiber evidence include recovery, identification, comparison, and evaluation. In all, one of the essential aspects of forensic analysis is the examination of fibers found at crime scenes. Chemical …

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Video Spectral Comparator (VSC) Principle, Parts, Uses, Advantages and Disadvantages
Tools and Instrumentation | Questioned Documents

Video Spectral Comparator (VSC): Principle, Parts, Uses, Advantages and Disadvantages

The Video Spectral Comparator (VSC) is a UV-Vis-IR imaging spectral device designed for forensic examination and authentication of questioned documents. It was developed by Foster and Freeman. A basic VSC unit consists of a high-sensitivity camera, different light sources, a software/viewing interface, and a positioning stage. The built-in multiple spectrum sources can reveal hidden characteristics …

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Electrostatic Detection Apparatus (ESDA) Working, Principle, Procedure, Advantages & Disadvantages and precautions
Tools and Instrumentation | Questioned Documents

Electrostatic Detection Apparatus (ESDA): Working, Principle, Procedure, Advantages & Disadvantages

Electrostatic Detection Apparatus (ESDA) is an electrostatic detection device (EDD) specifically made by Foster and Freeman Ltd. to reveal indented writings on a paper surface. With time, ESDA become synonymous with EEDs for detecting indented writing or marks on forensic questioned documents. Moreover, it offers a non-destructive nature of detecting indentation because it operates on …

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Loop Fingerprint Pattern: 5 Rules and 4 Types With Images
Fingerprint and Other Impressions

Loop Fingerprint Pattern: 5 Rules and 4 Types With Images

Loops are the most common fingerprint patterns, accounting for 60%-70% of all patterns, where ridges enter from one side of the finger, make a U-turn around a central point (core), and exit on the same side of the finger. This characteristic U-turn of the ridge is called a “recurve”.  However, all U-turn patterns are not …

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11 Rules for Choosing Core in Loop Fingerprint Patterns
Fingerprint and Other Impressions

15+ Rules for Choosing Core and Delta in Loop Fingerprint Patterns

11 Rules of Choosing and Identifying Core in Loop Fingerprint Patterns Examination of loop fingerprint patterns starts with identifying the core. In general, the core is considered the center point in a fingerprint pattern. In any case, a fingerprint expert has to follow some sets of rules to assign an area in the fingerprint as …

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Fingerprint and Other Impressions

How to Compare Fingerprints at Home? A Simple Guide by Forensic Expert

Forensic fingerprint experts have a set of guidelines that are needed to follow to compare fingerprints. But in this simple guide, I will tell you how you can compare fingerprints at home. You only need a questioned (unknown fingerprint sample) and a reference (known fingerprint from the individual). If you’re doing only one set of …

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Comparing Fingerprints At School A Fun Activity for Students and Teachers
Fingerprint and Other Impressions

Comparing Fingerprints At School: A Fun Activity for Students and Teachers

Forensic fingerprint experts follow a set of rules for comparing fingerprints. But in this simple guide, I will show you how you as a teacher can create a fun activity for their students who have no prior knowledge of comparing fingerprints. For this forensic fingerprint comparison school activity, you don’t need any sophisticated tools. The …

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