| Year | Individual/Organization | Contribution |
|---|---|---|
| 3000 BC | Masons | Used finger impressions on brickwork for projects for kings and pharaohs. |
| 500 BC | China and Babylon | Imprinted clay tablets and business records with the author’s fingerprints for identification. |
| 1684 | Nehemiah Grew | Published the first written description of fingerprints in the West, including detailed drawings. |
| 1686 | Marcello Malpighi | Described ridges, spirals, and loops in fingerprints without noting their identification value. |
| 1823 | Joannes Purkinje | Published a thesis detailing nine fingerprint patterns, later named arches, tented arches, loops, whorls, and twinned loops. |
| 1858 | Sir William Herschel | Used inked palm impressions and fingerprints on contracts for identification in India, confirming ridge pattern consistency over time. |
| 1870s-1880 | Dr. Henry Faulds | Conducted experiments proving fingerprint patterns remain the same after skin regeneration, identified fingerprints at crime scenes, and published an article on forensic use of fingerprints. |
| 1892 | Sir Francis Galton | Published a book introducing the first fingerprint classification system, identifying minutiae still used today. |
| 1900 | Sir Edward Henry | Developed a classification system for fingerprints, which became the basis for indexing in the English-speaking world. |
FR Author Group at ForensicReader is a team of Forensic experts and scholars having B.Sc, M.Sc, or Doctorate( Ph.D.) degrees in Forensic Science. We published on topics on fingerprints, questioned documents, forensic medicine, toxicology, physical evidence, and related case studies. Know More.